Terms of the game.

Definitions are starting points. Metrics should always be read with their source, sample, and sport-specific context.

Expected goals (xG)

An estimate of the probability that a particular shot will result in a goal, based on characteristics such as location and shot type. Models differ in their inputs; xG is not a count of goals or a guarantee.

Pressing

A coordinated attempt to pressure an opponent in possession, restrict options, or force a turnover. A high press describes pressure applied farther up the field or court; labels vary by sport and tactical context.

Transition

The period immediately after possession changes. Teams may attack before the defense is organized or work to recover their shape.

Expected points added (EPA)

An American football measure of how a play changes the offense's expected points, using a model of down, distance, field position, and game context. Provider definitions and datasets can differ.

Offensive rating

In basketball, a measure of points scored per a defined number of possessions. Comparisons depend on the provider's possession estimate and the sample being analyzed.

Effective field goal percentage (eFG%)

A basketball shooting percentage that gives extra value to made three-point shots: (field goals made + 0.5 × three-pointers made) ÷ field-goal attempts.

Pace

An estimate of how many possessions a basketball team uses over a standard game length. It describes tempo, not quality or efficiency by itself.